a) To develop and maintain the kind of integrated online architecture required, differs from year to year depending mainly on changes in annual licensing fees for over 20 items of necessary application, hosting, storage, cyber-security, records management, assessment,  hardware, software, infrastructure, learning management, plagiarism and redundancy requirements to name a few.

b) To minimize these costs in addition to staffing, UG’s Tactical Online Services Unit builds many of the its applications in-house. This work is done mostly by graduates of the University of Guyana’s Computer Sciences Department and the Software Development Unit of TOSS.

c) Development has to be ongoing to keep up with rapid changes in ICT development such as AI and newer version applications etc.,

d) It should be noted that the online architecture does not only support students studying exclusively online or in blended mode, but ALL aspects of the University, including Library, Counselling, Research, Communication, Innovation and several other services.

e) The minimum cost annually is around G$200 million (US$1 million).